What is a bird?
It has no worry, no cares—just flies about.
The other day, for instance, I looked out of the window and saw some sparrows pecking at manure.
Manure is enough for them but not for man."
"Yet in some cases even the Scriptures take birds as examples."
"In some cases, that's true.
Where faith without reason can be a man's salvation, we must do as the birds do, pray to God, compose verses."
Porfiry Vladimirych grew silent.
Though talkative by nature and though the event of the day naturally lent itself to a lengthy discussion, the most suitable form for the remarks on the subject had evidently not yet ripened in his mind.
"Birds need no reason," he said at last, "because they have no temptations.
Or, rather, they have temptations but they are never called to answer for their doings.
Birds lead a natural life. They have no property to take care of, no legitimate marriages, hence no widowhood.
They are responsible neither to God nor to the authorities. They have only one lord—the cock."
"The cock! That's true. The cock is a sort of Sultan of Turkey to them."
"But man has so arranged his life, that he has given up the liberties granted to him by nature, and therefore he needs much reason: first, to keep himself from falling into sin, and second, not to tempt others.
Am I right, father?"
"It is gospel truth.
The Scriptures advise us to pluck out the tempting eye."
"That is, if you understand it literally, but there may be a way of avoiding sin not by plucking out the eyes, but by seeing to it that the eye is not tempted.
One must have more frequent recourse to prayer, and curb the unruly flesh.
Take me, for instance. I am in good health and vigor, I dare say. Well, I have female servants. Still that does not disturb me in the least.
I know I can't get along without servants, well then, I keep them.
I keep male servants, and female servants of every kind.
A maid is needed in the household to fetch something from the cellar, to pour the tea, bring in something to eat—well—God bless her!—She does her work and I do mine, and so we get along very nicely indeed."
While speaking Yudushka tried to look into the priest's eyes, and the latter in his turn, tried to look into Yudushka's.
But happily, there was a burning candle between them, so that they could look at each other to their hearts' content and see nothing but the flame of the candle.
"And then again, I take it this way. If you become intimate with your female servants, they'll begin to have their way in the house.
And you'll have squabbles and disorder and quarrels and impertinence. I like to keep away from such things."
The priest stared so steadily that his eyes began to swim.
Good manners, he knew, demanded that in a general conversation one should every now and then join in with at least a word. So he shook his head and muttered:
"Tss——"
"And if, at that, one behaves as other folks do, as my dear neighbor, Mr. Anpetov, for example, or my other neighbor, Mr. Utrobin, then you can fall into sin before you know it.
Utrobin has six offspring on his place begot in that disgraceful way. But I don't want it.
I say that if God took away my guardian angel, it means that such was His holy will, that He wanted me to be a widower.
And if I am a widower by the grace of God, I must observe my widowerhood honestly and not contaminate my bed.
Am I right, father?"
"It's hard, sir."
"I know it's hard, but still I observe it.
Some say it's hard, and I say the harder the better, provided God is with you!
We can't all have it sweet and easy. Some of us must bear hardships in the name of God.
If you deny yourself something here, you will obtain it there.
Here it is called hardship and there, virtue.
Am I right?"
"As right as can be."
"And talking about virtues—they are not all of the same kind.
Some virtues are great, others are small.
What do you think?"
"Yes, quite possible, there may be small virtues and great virtues."
"That's just what I say.
If a man is careful in his behavior, if he does not speak vile words, if he does not speak vain words, if he does not judge others, if, in addition to all this, he does not vex anybody or take away what is not his—that man will have a clear conscience, and no mud can soil him.